Neighborhood environmental factors associated with leisure walking in adolescents

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To verify the associations of leisure walking with perceived and objective measures of neighborhood environmental factors stratified by gender and socioeconomic status (SES) in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS Cross-sectional study with a random sample of 1,130 high school students (47.3% girls; aged 14 to 20 years old) from Porto Alegre, Brazil. Leisure walking and SES were self-reported by the adolescents. Perceived environmental factors were assessed through Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale for Youth (NEWS-Y). Objective measures were evaluated using Geographic Information Systems, with road network calculated around the adolescent's residential address, using 0.5km and 1.0km buffers. Data collection was carried out in 2017 and generalized linear regression models were used. RESULTS Leisure walking was positively associated with access to services (0.5 km buffers [Odds ratio (OR) = 2.22] 1.0 km buffers [OR = 2.17]) and lower distance to parks and squares (0.5 km [OR=2.80] 1.0 km [OR = 2.73]) in girls from low SES. Residential density (0.5 km [OR = 1.57] 1.0 km [OR = 1.54]) and walkability index (0.5 km [OR = 1.17] 1.0 km [OR = 1.20]) were associated with leisure walking in girls from middle SES. Boys from low SES showed an inverse association between crime safety and leisure walking (0.5 km [OR = 0.59] 1.0 km [OR = 0.63]). Neighborhood recreation facilities was positively associated with leisure walking in middle SES (0.5 km [OR = 1.55] 1.0 km [OR = 1.60]). Land use mix (0.5 km [OR = 1.81] 1.0 km [OR = 1.81]), neighborhood recreation facilities (0.5 km [OR = 2.32] 1.0 km [OR = 2.28]) and places for walking (0.5 km [OR=2.07] 1.0 km [OR=2.22]) were positively associated with leisure walking in high SES. CONCLUSION Environmental factors (objectively and subjectively measured) and leisure walking show association in boys and girls of different SES.

Capacidade funcional de idosos institucionalizados: revisão integrativa / Functional capacity of institutionalized elderly people: an integrative review

O envelhecimento é um processo universal e multifatorial que acontece em um contexto de grandes mudanças, principalmente na configuração dos arranjos familiares, com repercussão na busca por Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPIs). O sedentarismo é um fator marcante nas ILPIs, levando idosos rapidamente ao estado de dependência e incapacidade funcional. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar a produção científica a respeito de fatores relacionados à capacidade funcional de idosos residentes de ILPIs, por meio de artigos indexados nas bases de dados eletrônicas LILACS e SciELO, no período compreendido entre 2010 e 2014. Foram selecionados 11 artigos. Foi observado que os estudos tendem a ser descritivos e transversais, sendo que apenas um artigo teve intervenção com a prática de atividade física. Outro fator notório foi a presença de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, bem como a predominância do sexo feminino. Os estudos relatam também um menor desempenho cognitivo e uma aptidão funcional baixa, alta incidência de quedas, dependência nas atividades de vida diária e aumento de peso. A intervenção com equipe multidisciplinar é indispensável para a melhoria e manutenção da capacidade funcional e independência de idosos institucionalizados. Destaca-se a necessidade de desenvolvimento de novos estudos e produções científicas com essa temática, uma vez que a população idosa no Brasil deve continuar aumentando e, consequentemente, tende a crescer também o número de institucionalizações.

Aging is a universal and multifactorial process that takes place in a context of great change, especially in the setting of family arrangements, consequently with repercussions in the search for Geriatric Long-Term Care Facilities (GLTCFs). A sedentary lifestyle is a defining factor in GLTCFs, leading elderly quickly to a dependency status and disability. The aim of this study was to identify the scientific literature about factors related to functional capacity of elderly residents of GLTCFs through articles indexed in electronic databases LILACS and SciELO, in the period between 2010 and 2014. Eleven articles were selected. It was observed that the studies tend to be descriptive and cross-sectional, and only one article had intervention with physical activity. Another notable factor was the presence of chronic diseases, as well as the predominance of women. The studies also report a lower cognitive performance and low functional capacity, high incidence of falls, dependence in activities of daily living and weight gain. The intervention of a multidisciplinary team is essential for the improvement and maintenance of functional capacity and independence of institutionalized elderly. It is necessary to produce new studies on this theme, since the elderly population in Brazil should continue to increase and consequently the number of institutions also tends to grow.

Condições de saúde e risco de internação hospitalar em idosas praticantes de hidroginástica / Health conditions and admission hospital risk in elderly women practicing waters aerobics

O envelhecimento populacional traz uma nova realidade ao sistema de saúde, visto que estes são mais propensas a doenças crônicas, as quais demandam um alto custo. Objetivou-se analisar a prevalência de dispneia e fadiga e sua correlação com medidas antropométricas, além de condições de risco de internação hospitalar em idosas praticantes de hidroginástica. Trata-se de estudo transversal, quantitativo, com 94 idosas praticantes de hidroginástica. Realizou-se coleta de dados por meio de questionários de avaliação de risco de internação hospitalar e função pulmonar e dispneia, além de medidas antropométricas. Os resultados apontaram valor da média do IMC, CC e RCQ acima do ideal (28,6/ 93,6/ 0,87 respectivamente). A autopercepção de saúde foi positiva para 74,3% das idosas e cerca de 90% não tiveram internações nos últimos doze meses. Ainda, há correlação negativa, significativa, entre o tempo de prática de hidroginástica e fadiga. Portanto, percebe-se os efeitos positivos da pratica de hidroginástica, visto que mesmo com resultados antropométricos alterados, a grande maioria das idosas relataram boas condições de saúde, baixo número de consultas para tratamento e internações hospitalares. Quanto a dispneia e fadiga, percentual em torno de 5% referiram possuir dispneia e fadiga grave/muito grave, os quais necessitam de cuidados adequados.

The aging brings a new reality to the health system, since they are more prone to chronic diseases, which demand a high cost. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of dyspnea and fatigue and its correlation with anthropometric measurements, and hospitalization risks in elderly women engaged in water aerobics. This cross-sectional, quantitative study with 94 elderly women engaged in water aerobics. Held data collection through risk assessment questionnaires hospitalization and pulmonary function and dyspnea, and anthropometric measurements. The results showed average value of BMI, WC and WHR above the ideal (28.6 / 93.6 / 0.87 respectively). The self-rated health was positive for 74.3% of the women and about 90% had no hospitalizations in the last twelve months. Still, there are significant negative correlation between the water aerobics practice time and fatigue. Therefore, we can see the positive effects of practicing gymnastics since even with altered anthropometric results, the vast majority of older reported good health, low number of visits for treatment and hospitalization. As dyspnea and fatigue, percentage around 5% reported having dyspnea and severe/very severe fatigue, which require appropriate care.